Figure 2: Compression Force Applied to a Spring. Figure 2 shows another common visual example of compression force - the act of pressing two ends of a spring together. As compression force is applied to the spring, the spring's physical shape becomes compacted. When the compression is released, the spring immediately expands outward and back to its normal shape. Depending on how much force is applied, and the malleability of the spring itself, this can be a dynamic reaction.
Figure 3 shows how elastic and rigid materials respond differently when put under compression force. In this diagram, both the rubber ball and the cinderblock are put under a significant compressive force, though respond very differently.
The rubber ball compresses or shrinks in the direction of the applied force and expands outward radially from its normal spherical shape.
As for the brittle cinderblock, the compressive force concentrates on its weakest point, which causes the block to buckle under the force load. Suspension bridges are an example of a rigid structure that is designed to withstand compression forces over a long distance.
As Figure 4 shows, when vehicles drive over the bridge, the columns and beams used to support the bridge experience the compression force.
Meanwhile, the anchorages and suspension cables are put under tension. These two facets working together essentially transfer the compressive force load across the entire bridge to maintain a sound, stable driving surface. This is a key principle that allows suspension bridges to cover longer distances than other bridge types. According to a paper by the Institute of Measurement and Control , a force measurement system is made up of a transducer and associated instrumentation.
A transducer is a device that receives a physical stimulus and changes it into another measurable physical quantity through a known relationship. Force transducer is really a chain of several transducers that experiences a change in electrical resistance in response to an applied force. From a design engineer's perspective, there's a lot to be gained from quantifying how a product, device, or structure responds to compressive forces.
Compressibility effects depend on the speed of the flow relative to the speed of sound in the fluid. The displacement x is usually measured from the position of "neutral length" or "relaxed length" - the length of spring corresponding to situation when spring is neither stretched nor compressed.
Red is used extension, blue for compression. Fracture Bones, on the whole, do not fracture due to tension or compression. The behavior of bones under tension and compression is important because it determines the load the bones can carry. Overweight people have a tendency toward bone damage due to sustained compressions in bone joints and tendons. Characteristics of Sound Sound is a longitudinal wave of pressure that travels through compressible medias, which can be solid, liquid, gaseous, or made of plasma.
Sound is a wave—a longitudinal wave of pressure that travels through compressible medias i. Examples of longitudinal waves include:. One way to remember the movement of particles in longitudinal waves is to say the waves move along the same way as the particles.
Longitudinal waves show areas of compression and rarefaction :.
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