Laodice III Antiochus II Theos Laodice wife of Mithridates II of Pontus Laodice I. Biography Lists News Also Viewed. Cleopatra II of Egypt. The basics. The details from wikipedia. They had at least four children: Ptolemy Eupator, born in BC.
Became co-regent with his father for a short time, but died at a young age in c. Cleopatra Thea born in c. Murdered by her son in c. Berenice, a daughter. Born between and BC.
Died young in c. Ptolemy D , born c. They had at least one son: Ptolemy Memphites. Murdered by his own father in BC. Egypt Egypt. Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Ptolemy III Euergetes. Arsinoe I. Ptolemy IV Philopator. It is a hallmark of a successful ruler to triumph over adverse circumstances and improve the fortunes of his or her kingdom.
In fact, one could see him as the progenitor of a series of deleterious intradynastic squabbles that persisted to the time of Cleopatra the Great and helped bring Ptolemaic Egypt to its ultimate demise. On balance, this is a well researched and careful study. The publication has strong value as a sourcebook and analytical resource for the rule of Ptolemy VIII.
Preliminary discussion: Franck Goddio and Manfred Clauss, eds. Munich, , Skip to content. BMCR Munich: C. The charge against them was that they had spoken disrespectfully of the king's concubine Irene. One was the queen of Syria just spoken of, the other Cleopatra III was still living in the palace, when her mother married Euergetes. Euergetes violated his niece, and some time afterwards took her publicly as his wife. Whether Euergetes formally repudiated Cleopatra II we do not know. She continued to be queen, but is henceforth described in our documents as "queen Cleopatra the Sister," whilst Cleopatra III is "queen Cleopatra the Wife.
Cleopatra the Sister had prestige and power in Egypt which made it unsafe for her younger brother, even as king, to degrade her openly; but it is obvious that relations between Euergetes and his sister were now anything but easy. There was a rift running through the palace and the kingdom, since Cleopatra the Sister had her partisans as well as the king and Cleopatra the p Wife.
In the years between and B. At some time during these years occurred the visit of Scipio Aemilianus to Alexandria with his friend Panaetius of Rhodes — his "Stoic chaplain" M. The visit gave later writers the occasion for an effective contrast between the great Roman noble in his republican simplicity and dignity and the king of Egypt, a bloated mountain of flesh in his indecent gauze, puffing and panting as he escorted his powerful visitor from the ship to the palace on foot.
The Romans, as practical hard people who cared for power, but despised Oriental display, wanted to ascertain precisely what the country of the Nile could furnish in the way of real strength and resources to its possessor. Scipio surveyed with the shrewd, devouring eye of a Roman farmer-statesman the lie of the great city, its harbours and giant lighthouse.
He went up the Nile as far as Memphis and looked at the rich fields with the endless villages and country towns — a land which the first Ptolemy had chosen well as the basis of his power, a land which under efficient control might some day mean a solid accession of power — who knew?
It is plain that revolt against Ptolemy Euergetes was always simmering at Alexandria. Those who had been attached to Philometor, those who were eager to serve Cleopatra the Sister, their queen for more than twenty years past, were only held down with difficulty by the king's mercenaries. Even the mercenaries in Alexandria became exacting, and we are told that on one occasion a mutiny was only staved off by a captain in the service of Euergetes, called Hierax, advancing the pay demanded out of his own pocket.
There was an attempt by the excited populace to set fire to the king's palace, and Euergetes fled to Cyprus, taking with him Cleopatra III, his children by her, and the boy of six or seven called Memphites, his son by Cleopatra II. Cleopatra II was left in Egypt for the moment as sole sovereign, though papyri make it probable that Euergetes continued to be recognized as king in most of Egypt outside Alexandria. Possibly the quarrel between brother and sister had come to open war for some time before the king's flight.
This, then, is what Justin tells us. Euergetes in Cyprus got together a mercenary army in order to carry on the war against his sister in Egypt.
A bastard son of the king's was residing at this time in Cyrene. He may have been viceroy there. Nothing indeed seems impossible for that world in the way of dynastic marriages.
Euergetes forestalled the plan by inducing the young man to join him in Cyprus, and then putting him to death. This enraged the Alexandrine populace, and they began pulling p down the statues of Euergetes. One would have thought this a mild act after their attempt to burn Euergetes alive in his palace, and after his expulsion it is less odd that the statues should have been pulled down now than that they should have been left standing till now.
Euergetes believed that the attack on his statues had been instigated by Cleopatra II, and in revenge he killed his own son by her, the boy Memphites, had his body cut limb from limb, and the pieces sent in a box to Alexandria as a birthday present to the boy's mother. Some regions in Egypt held by the king, some by Cleopatra II. These years are termed in the papyri the time of amixia , "cessation of general intercourse. We have an inscription put up by the Roman merchants resident in Alexandria recording their gratitude to Lochus, the son of Callimedes, who commanded the army of Euergetes on this occasion.
A great deal had happened in Syria since Philometor had fallen there in Demetrius now escaped and once more took up his residence in Antioch as king. But Cleopatra Thea did not welcome back her former husband, who, whilst in captivity, had married the Parthian princess Rhodogune.
When Cleopatra II of Egypt arrived at the Seleucid court, her daughter Cleopatra Thea was perhaps already living in hostile separation from Demetrius, as she is found doing three years later at Ptolemais Akko. Cleopatra II induced Demetrius to attack Egypt. If he succeeded in driving out Euergetes, the spoil of Egypt might go far to restore his unstable fortunes.
But Demetrius, semi-Orientalized by his ten years in Parthia, bearded like a barbarian, was very unpopular in Antioch, and by the time he reached the frontier of Egypt with his army, his own kingdom was in revolt behind him.
The rebels entered into negotiations with Ptolemy Euergetes and begged him to use the power of Egypt to install some prince of the Seleucid blood as king in place of Demetrius. Demetrius continued to hold the country in the region of the Lebanon, till he was defeated by the forces of Alexander near Damascus.
He tried to find shelter in Ptolemais, but Cleopatra Thea shut the door in his face. It was obviously more natural for Euergetes, now that Demetrius was gone, to support his niece rather than Alexander Zebina. Cleopatra Thea, after killing one of her sons, Seleucus V, who did not prove docile enough, had associated another of her sons, Antiochus VIII, nicknamed Grypus the "Hook-nosed," with herself on the throne.
Without the support of Egypt, the cause of Alexander Zebina rapidly sank. Two years later Cleopatra Thea was detected in an attempt to poison the king her son, and was compelled by Antiochus to drink the mortal cup herself.
It was twenty-nine years since the daughter of Ptolemy Philometor had been brought as a girl to Syria to be the bride of Alexander Balas. That was her end. We hear of no further action in Syria on the part of Euergetes after the overthrow of Alexander Zebina. He was probably satisfied with having his daughter Tryphaena installed there as queen. The official reconciliation between Cleopatra II and Euergetes did not mean that the country immediately returned to peace and orderly bureaucratic government.
The fights which had been going on in many places between the two factions had brought about a state of violence and confusion p the amixia which could not be brought to an end all at once. In at last a decree to regulate conditions throughout the kingdom was issued in the name of all three sovereigns. This is given us in the long papyrus from Tebtunis, edited by Grenfell and Hunt in — one of the chief documents for the working of the Ptolemaic bureaucracy.
The existing confusion was largely due to grants having been made in the amixia by each of the rival governments to its own partisans, which were naturally not recognized by the other. Many people therefore in actual possession of land had uncertain tenure, including Egyptian temples which had taken one side or the other and received grants of land or privileges from Euergetes or Cleopatra.
The object of the decree was to draw a sponge over the past and recognize actual possession as legally valid. If Cleopatra had thus to accept grants made by Euergetes to her enemies, Euergetes had no less to accept grants made by Cleopatra to his enemies, and Preisigke held bind himself not to interfere with them.
The document is so important that a short survey of its several sections may be in place. Persons who had taken part in pillaging and fled in consequence will be allowed, if they return home, to resume their former life, and what remains of their property will not be confiscated.
Arrears of taxes remitted, except in the case of those Royal Cultivators who cultivate their lot by an hereditary lease. Remission of debts to the State incurred by strategoi in connexion with their taking office.
This probably means that goods carried on ass or camel would be examined by the customs-collectors, but goods carried on the head or back, or in their hand by the poor, who went on foot, allowed to pass free.
Pedestrians would, however, have to pay dues for such things as transport by ferries. No charges will be made against them in respect of years before the current year Certain services leitourgiai due from the kleruchs mentioned in the previous section are remitted.
The temples have their actual revenues confirmed to them; the land which the temple administer themselves i. In effect this is an undertaking by the king that his agents shall not interfere with them. Arrears of taxes due from the temples remitted. The expenses of the burial of the sacred bulls are to be paid by the royal treasury.
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