Although they can come into puberty and breed does as early at 4 months of age, waiting until a buck is a year of age to start using him for breeding is best. At 1 year of age, the buck should service no more than 10 does at a time in one month. When he is 2 years old, he should be able to service 25 does at a time. At the age of 3 and older, he can breed up to 40 does at one time, as long as his health and nutritional needs are met.
The number of does a buck can service at one time also depends on individual sex drive of the buck, the terrain of the land and if he is managed by a hand- or pasture- mating system. The buck has the greatest genetic impact on the herd and should be well taken care of at all times. Day length has an effect on reproduction in the buck and the doe. There is no set date or even set month. Each female is different, but you can expect to see them enter into heat during the fall and winter months.
When a goat goes into heat it is called estrous. It significantly easier to tell when does go into their estrous cycle than it is to tell when doeling does. However, some common signs for both are that they are louder than usual. A LOT louder. You might also notice that she is either extremely cuddly or extremely distant , they can sometimes be the extreme opposite of their regular disposition.
Their tails will wag like crazy. They are showing off and waving their scent around for the males. You may even see discharge coming from the vulva. Another sign is that a goat will either assert dominance by mounting or assume submission by being mounted. Factors that affect onset and length of the breeding season include geographic location ie, latitude and climate , breed, herd social structure, and photoperiod. In temperate regions, the natural breeding season is mostly restricted to the fall and winter to allow for kidding in the spring and summer, when nutritional resources are adequate.
Under tropical and subtropical conditions, where temperature and photoperiod are less variable, an extended breeding period can be seen in certain breeds if appropriate resources are available to allow for kidding year-round. The onset of puberty in goats typically occurs at 6—8 months of age in does and 4—6 months in bucks.
Age at onset can vary between breeds and is influenced by environmental factors, such as the season of birth, breed, and nutritional status. In temperate regions, spring-born animals will undergo puberty at a younger age simply because physiologic maturity coincides with periods of decreased day length. Veterinarians should inform owners of the potential for earlier puberty to prevent unintentional breeding within the herd.
The estrous cycle in goats is 21 days, on average, but can vary with different breeds or environmental conditions. A relatively high frequency of short cycles is characteristic of goats and tends to occur in young does and earlier in the breeding season.
Longer cycles may be observed later in the season when does are transitioning into anestrus. The mean duration of standing estrus has been reported to be 36 hours, although it can range from 24—48 hours depending on age, breed, season, and presence of a male. Breed-specific mean estrus duration has been reported for Mossi 20 hours , Angora 22 hours , Creole 27 hours , French Alpine 31 hours , Boer 37 hours , Nubian 42 hours and Matou 58 hours goats.
These behaviors are more pronounced in the presence of an intact male.
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